The present article intends to survey the reality of mental existence theory in accordance with the ENTITY ORIGINALITY and substance move in Sadra’s thought. After pointing out the importance of mental existence theory and its review of literature, the article presents a number of reasons to prove the reality of this theory from Sadra’s standpoint, and finally, it deals with the question whether the mentioned theory can provide the ground of realism for man’s insight in accordance with the ENTITY ORIGINALITY and substance move? The results then show that the mentioned principles of ontology can prevent us to believe that mental existence theory, which is in conformity with Sadra’s philosophical views, can demonstrate the mentioned attribute. This theory has led many thinkers to the view that mental existence theory is not considered as Sadra’s main viewpoint, and thus, they have presented his innovative thought on man’s insight in his integration theory.

A “ compilation” is a work formed by the collection and assembling of pre-existing materials or of data that are selected, coordinated or arranged in such a way that the resulting work as a whole constitutes an original work of authorship, such as periodical issue, anthology, encyclopedia, telephone directory, etc. Since the prerequisite for protection of copyright works is ORIGINALITY, this question arises whether these works are original and may also be copyrightable. The meaning of ORIGINALITY is not defined in the majority of national copyright legislations. Instead, the interpretation of what is to be original has been left mainly to the courts. Courts have different opinions regarding the definition of ORIGINALITY and its conditions. However, the Supreme Court of United States in the Feist case put an end to this division. This article attempts to study the notion of ORIGINALITY of compilations works by analyzing the Feist case in order to answer whether compilation works have any ORIGINALITY and if the answer is yes, what is its scope.

the research is derived from the master thesis of urban design, which is presented with the topic of promoting the physical ENTITY of image and landscape of Islamshahr at Shahid Rajaee University. Existing views on the quiddity of city ENTITY and its causes1are different and sometimes sporadic. Some researchers have identified ENTITY as merely conceptual meaning2hidden in the history of the city, and other researchers look for ENTITY in the integrity and continuity of physical features and the quality of the environment. The study, based on the fundamental difference between the concept of ENTITY in western philosophy and Sadra’s philosophy, attempts to prove the ENTITY of the city by considering the existential and primacy of the city ENTITY, the relationship between essence and accidents, and the prologue and the epilogue of the statement of city ENTITY. Two hypotheses, that is, the subjective and real existence of ENTITY and introducing the minor premise and major premise for the existence of the ENTITY (the prologue and the epilogue), determine the research strategy. The research method uses the qualitative -descriptive method using the theories in written documents and the logical and comparative reasoning of existing philosophical theories, including the primacy of existence, ontology, phenomenology, and substantial motion3 as a rational-philosophical inference. The results of research in the field of existential and inclusiveness of city ENTITY can be used to explain the origin of the ENTITY of city in the West and Islamic philosophy, the understanding of the relation between existence and nature to percept ENTITY. Ultimately, the assumption that the ENTITY of the city is dependent on the framework of city (like the soul that is manifested in the body) and that ENTITY with the subjective and real concept is related to human relations, will be proved. A city without ideational backgrounds is like a body without soul. And the soul can’t be presented except in the form of a body and embodiment in the cognate appearance, which evidently is the nature or quality of the city.

Introduction: Tracheocele or tracheal diverticulum is an uncommon benign ENTITY that can be congenital or acquired. It is usually diagnosed incidentally on cervicothoracic imaging. Our aim is to describe the etiopathogenic, clinical and paraclinical features of the tracheocele as well as its therapeutic modalities. Case Report: We report 2 cases of asymptomatic congenital tracheocele occurred in a boy and a woman, incidentally found on cervical CT scan done for accidental ingestion of chicken bone and infected thyroid hematocele respectively. The tracheocele, in our 2 cases, was probably congenital: no risk factors were noted and the opening of the tracheocele was narrow. The tracheocele was located in the right posterolateral tracheal wall in the 2 cases. It communicated with the tracheal lumen in one case. The female patient underwent a right lobectomy and resection of the tracheocele. For the boy, our attitude was conservative. The evolution was uneventful in the 2 cases. Conclusions: The presence or absence of risk factors, CT scan, bronchoscopy and histologic exam may distinguish between congenital and acquired forms. Asymptomatic patients are managed conservatively. Surgical resection is the treatment of choice for symptomatic patients.

Mulla Sadra has experienced three philosophical journeys: the ORIGINALITY of nature, the ORIGINALITY of existence of gradational oneness and the ORIGINALITY of existence of personal oneness. These three journeys are the main principles of Transcendent Theosophy, and any kind of evolution in them leads to evolutions in minor issues. Due to the systematic connection of the issues, in the issue of the reality of science and various issues related to it, there should be evolutions that are proportional to the three mentioned journeys. According to the first journey of science, the science is from the category of accident and as a result, it is an essential affair, while according to the requirements of the second and third journey, the science has coexistence with existence. This transformation leads to transformation in many minor issues and creates fundamental differences. The issues of the first journey are more influenced by the non-existential view of the realities related to the subject of science, which is referred to as the foundation of qảvm in pre-Sadrai philosophy. In this article, due to the position and opportunity, we will address and analyze some important preliminary issues, which include: the position of discussion, the essential or existential nature of science, being nature or concept of science, the definition of science, the equivocality of names or commonality of meaning of science, being contiguous or analogous of science and the type of attribution proposed in science based on three philosophical journeys.

ORIGINALITY is an essential requirement for the copyrightability of any artistic and literary work. Creative works are afforded copyright protection only if they are original. ORIGINALITY has yet to be defined by international or national laws including Iranian Laws. The judicial interpretation of national laws also differ from one another and there is no consensus on the concept of ORIGINALITY. Under traditional approach, ORIGINALITY is often referred as to "labor and effort" or "self expression " of the author, whereas the more approach is that of "creativity " and exercise of "skill and judgment ". However, all legal systems recognize that the work must be independent and not copied from another work.The main question of this Article is which approach can strike a balance between author’s rights and public interest to cheap and easy access to artistic works. This article will examine ORIGINALITY under different jurisdictions and concludes the Canadian definition is the more appropriate approach to the said question. Finally, it suggests that the Iranian legislature shall replace the term “creativity” with “skill and judgment” in 14 of article 1 of the copyright bill.

In this essay, evolution of the word ORIGINALITY in ancient languages is considered using historical semantics or philology that is study of the formation process of meaning. The hypothesis of this essay proves that the meaning of the word "ORIGINALITY" in different cultures and ancient languages is Existence and Being as its common usage in Islamic philosophy. To sum up, ORIGINALITY means Existence and Being. The content of philosophical meaning of this word has been included in Greek so this is why we have such an approach on this word. In the essay, we find this hypothesis completely correct, especially by referring to the famous text of Aristotle and his book Metaphysics.

The Persian tradition of literary criticism believes that through Sanayi Qaznavi, the Persian poetry penetrates through the strict and narrow borders of nobility and pleasure-seeking materialism of the courts; stepping towards the modem domain of wisdom and intermingling with the public. It also seems that Sanayi Qaznavi's role is considerable in the elaboration of the poetry's principle regarding experimentalism; that is in addition to creating a serious change both in the content and approaches of the Persian poetry. Such issues are usually neglected in our literary criticism. While Sanayi revolutionized both the content and motif of sonnets, he also directed it towards achieving experience. In this relation he created sonnets that possessed his own mystical and inspirational insights which as a matter of fact blocked the path of imitation and repetition in the Persian sonnet. In this way Sanayi became a successful pioneer for the next great poets who appeared after him, such as; Attar, Sa'adi, and Hafez. The author intends to survey the principle of experimentalism in Sanayi' s sonnets in order to show his ORIGINALITY in poetry and sonnet in the domain of verses' structural cohesion and unity of meaning; the mentioned cohesion is created through maintenance of inspirational experiment and its recreation in the poetic language.